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Richard Holmes (b. Chicago, Feb. 17, 1944) is an American medical doctor who specialized in emergency room medicine. As a third-year college student, in 1965 he enrolled in the previously segregated Mississippi State University. He was one of five black Mississippians who pioneered the effort to desegregate the major state universities of Mississippi as part of the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968). Following passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, his enrollment was the most peaceful of these efforts to that point. Holmes completed his college degree and graduated from MSU. After service in the United States Army, he also earned a master's degree in related fields, and a medical degree, the latter at Michigan State University. Holmes practiced emergency room medicine in hospitals in Birmingham, Alabama. In 2003 he returned to MSU to become a staff physician at the university's health center. He has received considerable recognition related to the 40th anniversary of his landmark enrollment and graduation from the university. ==Early life and education== Richard E. Holmes was born in Chicago, Illinois to Horace and Minnie Holmes on February 17, 1944. He had three older brothers. When Richard was 18 months old, he and his brothers were taken to Mississippi by their mother when the parents separated. They settled in Starkville, Mississippi, with Eliza Hunter, a family friend Holmes would consider his "grandmother."〔〔 Mrs. Hunter promoted education, hard work, honesty, and religion for the boys, teaching them that “being poor and black was no reason for failure."〔〔 Before Mrs. Hunter died in 1956 at the age of 86, she arranged for Holmes (then age 12) to live with Dr. Douglas Conner and his wife. He was a local Starkville physician, African-American community leader and civil rights activist. Conner became Holmes' godfather and life mentor, encouraging the youth to stay in school and study hard.〔〔 When Holmes graduated in 1963 from Starkville's black-only Henderson High School,〔 Dr. Conner sent him to Wiley College. Holmes took pre-med courses during the two years he studied there.〔 Wiley is a private, historically black college in Marshall, Texas; many of its students and faculty were active in the civil rights movement in Texas. Civil rights leaders James L. Farmer, Sr. and his son James L. Farmer, Jr. (who was director of CORE when Holmes was at Wiley) both had connections to Wiley. Holmes was influenced by mentors who exemplified the philosophy of persistent but conservative, gradual expansion of civil rights, along with the need for racial reconciliation.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard E. Holmes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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